A Further Understanding of the Effects of Materialism at Work: Longitudinal and Meta-analytical Evidence

Abstract

This thesis explores unanswered issues regarding the established negative consequences of pursuing

extrinsic or materialistic goals (e.g., wealth, image, status) versus intrinsic goals (e.g., relationships, self- development, altruism) for individuals, both in the general life context and at work. Specifically, this

thesis is comprised by three quantitative studies that draw on Self-determination theory and use more sophisticated methodologies than literature to date allowing to advance in the understanding of why, when and in which contexts these consequences exist. Paper 1 used longitudinal data from a large sample of adult Chilean workers (N=1841) to test and provide evidence of the longitudinal mediation of gratitude in the materialism-need satisfaction/need frustration relationship. By doing so, Paper 1 provides a theoretically sound mechanism of why materialism is detrimental for individuals well-functioning. Paper 2 and 3 focus on the work context, testing key underlying assumptions regarding the possible effects of pursuing materialistic values in this context. Paper 2 uses the same sample as Paper 1, but provides between-level (cross-lagged panel model) and within-level (trait-state-occasion model) longitudinal evidence of the negative consequences of pursuing materialism at work by finding a positive relationship between materialism and burnout, mediated by need frustration. Paper 3 systematically reviews the literature addressing the materialism-individual work outcome link using a meta-analytical procedure. Important insights emerge from this paper, as materialism is found to be related stronger to ill-being than to well-being outcomes in the workplace. Education and position in the organization are found to moderate the materialism-wellbeing/illbeing relationship. Furthermore, materialism is found to have both positive and negative consequences for employee’s attitudes and behaviors. The results of this thesis extend current literature on materialism and self-determination theory and raise important ethical concerns regarding the promotion of materialistic goals in the work context.